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Obesity, which is a health problem threatening the whole world, has become a serious public health problem as a result of sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. And the incidence of obesity is increasing day by day. Obesity can be caused by hormonal, lifestyle, psychological, and genetic factors. Obesity is a metabolic problem and can cause health problems such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sexual problems, social problems and sleep apnea. In order to avoid serious health problems, it is necessary to intervene in excess weight in a timely manner. Bariatric surgery is also an effective intervention for patients who cannot lose weight with diet and exercise or who have intense metabolic problems.
When bariatric surgery is mentioned, it refers to the operations performed in the case of obesity. Surgical changes are made in the anatomy of digestive system organs such as stomach and small intestine. In this way, it is aimed to increase the feeling of satiety, take less food and reduce nutrient absorption.
Bariatric surgery; It can be applied to people who have overweight problems, over the age of 18 and under the age of 65, and who do not have a health problem that prevents surgery. The criterion for bariatric surgery is basically the body mass index, that is, the ratio of weight to height squared. Surgery is performed when the body mass index is above 40, and at least one risk factor is sought when it is between 35 and 40. The risk factors sought for the application of bariatric surgery can be listed as follows:
In bariatric surgery operations, nutrient intake and absorption are reduced by surgical intervention in the stomach and small intestines. In addition, changes are made that will create a feeling of satiety or reduce the release of the hunger hormone. The main types of operations used in bariatric surgery can be listed as follows:
In gastric balloon application, the volume of the stomach is reduced by placing a balloon filled with liquid or air into the stomach. Thus, the patient reaches the feeling of satiety with less food and does not consume more food. While the balloon is being placed, the endoscopic method or the balloon can be placed by swallowing.
In the Gastric Sleeve operation, approximately 80 percent of the stomach is removed and the stomach is turned into a tube. Gastric sleeve surgery was performed when a part of the stomach was irreversibly removed and turned into a tube. Thus, since the volume of the stomach decreases, saturation occurs early and with less food, and the feeling of hunger decreases as the part that produces hunger hormone decreases.
In this method, both the stomach and the small intestine are treated and their anatomical structure is changed. About 30 ml of the stomach and the part of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine are separated. By surgically connecting these parts to each other, both the function of the stomach and the absorption from the small intestine are reduced.
Biliopancreatic Diversion operation is actually quite similar to gastric bypass. The most important difference is that the first and second parts of the small intestine are separated, so the nutrient absorption is reduced more. In biliopancreatic diversion, both a large part of the stomach and the small intestine are separated, reducing nutrient capacity and absorption.